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中华医学(英文版)

中华医学(英文版)杂志

Chinese Medical Journal 중화의학잡지(영문판)

  • 主管单位: 中国科学技术协会
  • 主办单位: 中华医学会
  • 影响因子: 0.83
  • 审稿时间:
  • 国际刊号: 0366-6999
  • 国内刊号: 11-2154/R
  • 发行周期:
  • 邮发: 2-920
  • 曾用名: 中华医学杂志(英文期刊);中华医学杂志;中华医学杂志英文版
  • 创刊时间: 1887
  • 语言: 英文
  • 编辑单位: 中华医学杂志英文版编辑委员会
  • 出版地区:
  • 主编: 王辰
  • 类 别:
期刊收录:
期刊荣誉:
  • 作者:

    Objective To investigate the therapeutic potential of high-dase immunoglobulin (HIG) in experimental allergic neuritis (FAN) to provide a theoretical basis of its clinical use in the treatment of human inflammatory emyelinating neuropathies.Methods Female Lewis rats were induced to EAN,and divided into experimental and control groups. The rats were treated with either 0.3 g/kg.day-1 of IgG oran equivalent volume of 0.15 rnoVL glycine. Clinicst,electrophysiologic,and histologic evaluations were carried out in a blind fashion.Results Clinically, rars treated with fgG had significantly less severe symptoms (P<0.001) and slower progression (P<0.001) than controls.Electrophysiologically, the mean conduction latency of the experimental group was significantly shorter than controls (P<0.05).Histologically,rats treated with lgG prepared from normal Lewis rats had a significantly lower percentage of damyelinated fibem (P=0.01)and total abnormal fibers (P<0.001) than ontrels,Statistically,clinicat, electrophysiologic and moqrphologic data were all significantly correlated.Concluslons The EAN animal model is reliable for observation of HIG effects, and useful to provide data for clinical work. HIG has a significant therapeutic effect in EAN when given soon after disease onset. Itcan reduce clincal disease severity and decrease the number of demyelinated fibers as well as the number of total abnormal fibers. For the current corntroversy over whether HIG is effective, the results of this research support the clinical use of HIG in human damyelinating neuropathy.

  • 作者:

    Background The incidence of breast cancer in Hong Kong is increasing and breast serf-examination (BSE)as a screening tool is becoming mere popular,especially among first-dsgree relatives (FDR) of breast cancer victims. BSE may be mere applicable to Chinese women as their breast size is smaller. This study explores the BSE practice in this group of women.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted by sending questionnaires to 330 FDR of breast cancer patients treated in the Department of Surgeory,Univeisity of Hong Kong. BSE behavior was studied with respect to its frequency,awareness,completeness and confidence of practice.Results 110 subjects returned the questionnaires with a response rate of 33%.The mean age of the respondent was 37 years. Only 57 women (52%)were practicers. The practicers have a stronger BSE awareness (p<0.01) and a lower mean score on thought barriers (P=0.002) than the non-practicers.40% of the practicers gain their BSE knowledge through clinicians and their mean period of practica was 3.2 yeara. 68% of the practicers performed BSE completely.The overall confidence rate was 35%, but the rate was 43% among those who performled complete BSE.Thirteen factors possibly related to the completeness and rate of confidence of BSF examination were studied.The only factor that significantly deternined completenass was the time spent for each examination (P=0.002).The complete practicers required a longer time than the incomplete practicers(6.60 and 2.96 min,respectively).Women with a stronger BSE intention (P=0.001)and a lower mean score on thought barrers(P=0.001)performed the examination confidently.Conclusions Slightly over half of the FDR practice BSE.The majority perform a complete BSE but they are not confident in finding abnormalities. Women spending more time on BSE are associated with a higher rate of completeness. However,only those with a stronger DSE: intention and lesser thought barriers are more confident in their practice.

  • 作者:

    Objectives To report the clinical experiences of srmultaneous hepatorenal transplantation.Methods We performed simultaneous hepatorenal transplantation in one patient with liver cirrhosis of hepatitis B and uremia of chronic nephritis on February 1,1999 and one patient with liver cirrhosis of hepatitis B complicated by hepatorenal syndrome on March 12,1999.The donors were heart arrest cases. Rapid multiple organ harvesting techniques and UW solution infusion in situ were used. Liver and kidney transplantation were orthotopic and ordinary methods,respectively. Immunosuppressive drugs consisted of cyclosporine, Cellcept, ALG and sortstso steroids.Lamividine was used os day 50 and day 40postoparation, respectively.Results Both transplanted organs rapidly achieved normal function postoperation and the patients recovered well but suffered mild kidney rejection day 110 postopemtion in No 1 patient. In No 2 patient,acute renal function failure, mental symptoms, muscle spasm,cerebral artery thrombosis, inhalation poeumonia and chronic liver graft rejection ensured sequentially but were controlled.The patients have survived for more than nine and eight months,respectively, with normal life quality.Conclusions Combined hepatorenal transplant is a radical treatment method for liver and kidney function failure and requires more comprehensive techniques than isolated single organ transplantation.Preventing the recurrence of hepatitis B by oral lamividine may be a kdy to long-term survival.

  • 作者:

    Objective To investigate early changes in systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in normal and cirrhotic rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:normal controls (NL,n=10),intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH, n=10) induced by injection of CCl4, normal rats with OLT (NL-OLT,n=9) and IHPH rats with OLT (IHPH-OLT,n=16). IHPH-OLT rots were divided into 2 subgroups: 3 days (Group A,n=9) and 7 days (Group B, n=7) after OLT. OLT was pedormed in rats using cuffs for the anastomosis of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava,infrahepatic vena cava and portal vein. Two weeks after production of IHPH rots, 7 days after NL-OLT rats, 3 days and 7 days after IHPH-OLT rats, radicective microspheres were used in a hemodynamic study.Results There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes between NL-OLT and NL rets,except mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).The characteristies of systemic and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulatory slate,including increased cardiac output and splanchnic blood flow, decreased mean acterial blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance and splanchnic vascular resistance were ibserved in IHPH, IHPH-OLT A, and IHPH-OLT B rats,The magnitude of hyperhemodynamics was in the order of IHPH>IHPH-OLT A>IHPH-OLT B rats.Moreover, the derangement of splanchnic hyperhemodynamice was more significant than that of systemic hyperhemodynamics.Conclusioos The present study demonstrates that the persistence of early systemic and splanchnic hyperkinetic circulation after OLT may be the consequence of factors which maintain hyperhemodynamics in liver cirrhosis, where portal hypertension is not completely eliminated. Hyperhemodynamics is not induced by OLT per se.

  • 作者:

    Objective To cladfy the dependence of neural nitric oxide synthase mRNA (nNOSmRNA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA (eNOSmRNA) on androgens (testosterone [T] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]).Methods 160 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into Groups A (56 rats, 5 weeks old), B (50rets,10 weeks old) and C (54 rats, 58 weeks old).Groups A, B and C were all subdivided respectively into five Subgroups. Subgroup 1: intact osntrels;Subgroup 2: castrated; Subgroup 3: castrated with testosterone ubdecanoate 25 mg/kg·mon-1,intramuscular injection, Subgroup 4: castrated with testosterone undecanoate 50 mg/kg·mon-1,intramuscular injection and Subgroup 5: treated with finaeteride 4.5 mg/kg·day-1, orally. Four and ten weeks after treatments described above, one half of the rats were killed. Serum samples were token for measurements of T, free testosterone (FT) and DHT by raclioimmunoassay. Penile samples were treated with liquid nitrogen and then stored at-80℃.nNOSmRNA and eNOSmRNA were detected by semiquantitative reveres-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Dot blot.Resulte There was no significant difference between Subgroup 1 and Subgroup 2 or Subgroup 5 in all Groups A, B and C. The expression of penile eNOSmRNA of Group A was significantly increased (4 weeks model) (P<0.05) or increased (10 weeks model) (P>0.05) in Subgroup 2 or 5 compared with those in Subgroup 1.There wes no significant difference between Subgroup 1 and Subgroup 2 or Subgroup 5 of Group B in 4 weeks model (P>0.05).There was an elevation when animals were castrated or treated with finasteride in the 10 weeks model.The expreseion of penile eNOSmRNA of Group C was significantly increased (10 weeks model) (P<0.05)or increased (4 weeks model) in Subgroup 2 compared with those in Subgroup 1.The production of eNOSmRNA in Subgroup 5 was also increased (including 4- and 10-week models). When T was supplied for castration, the penile eNOSmRNA was desreased to some extent; the greater the dose of T given, the lower penile eNOSmRNA was observed.Conclusions The expression of eNOSmRNA in SD rat penile tissue increases while T or DHT diminishes.Sometimes androgens medaulate penile eNOSmRNA in opposite directions. There is no srrelation between theexpression of nNOSmRNA and androgens (including Tand DHT) . Androgens give rise to penile erectionprobably not via the NOS pathway.

  • 作者:

    Obiective To study the relationship between the burden of Pneumocystis carinii (P.cadninii) and the inflammatory reaction and biochemical markers in bronchoalveotar lavage fluids (BAL.F)in a rat model of p. carirnii pneumonia (PCP).Methods Clean grade 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were immunosuppressed by a subcutaneous injection of 25mg cortisone acetate twice a week for 8-12 weeks; the PCP model was successfully induced in 14 rats. The inflammatory reaction and biochemical markers of the activity of lactate dehydrogenass (LDH), alknline phosphatase(ALP) end type Ⅳ collagenase(matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2,MMP-9) as well as the values of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) in BALF between the mild burden group of P. caninii (involved alveoli<25% per 100 alveoli,Group A) and the moderate to severe burden group (involved alveoli≥25% per 100 alveoli, Group B)were measured. The other six clean grade SD rata served es normal control group (Group C).Results The total white cell count in BALF=was higher in Group B [(6.8±1.7)×106/L] than in Group A [(3.8±1.2)×106/L] (P<0.01);however, there were no differences in white cell differentiation.Assays of biochemical markers showed that ALB in BALF in Group B (0.893±0.469 g/L) was increased in companison with Group A (0.262±0.169 g/L); it was only 0.026±0.021 g/L in Group C. The contents of TP and activities of LDH were higher in Group B (TP 1.756±0.706 g/L, LDH 2580±550 U/L) than inGroup A (TP 0.784±0.553 g/L, LDH 1410±620 U/L); the values of TP and LDH were 0.063±0.020 g/L and 370±250 U/L respectively in Group C.The activity of Type IV collagenase, including MMP-2 and MMP-9, was higher in Group B than in Group A ( P<0.01) (MMP-2: 1102±169 grey value vs 459±274 grey valce; MMP-9: 1218±257 grey value vs 449±225 grey value).There was no activity of Type IV cellagenase in BALF of Group C. No statistically significant difference was obselved in ALP between the groups B and A.Conclusions These results indicate that there is a significant correlation between the burden of P. carinii in lung tissues and the irlflammatory reaction as well as biochemical markers of the rasultant aotivity of lung injury.

  • 作者:

    Objective To characterize the mRNA expression of CXC chemokine IL-8, CC chemokine monocyte chemothractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation,normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and a newly defined DC chemokine DC-CK1 as well as the expression of IL-8 receptor, MCP-1 receptor and RANTES receptor in human monocytederived dendritic cells (MoDCs).The migratory responsiveness of MoDC to IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES was alsso studied.Methods In vitro generated MoDCs were obtained by differentiating monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5 days. The time course of RNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and migratoly ability was assessed by a micromultiwell chemotaxis chamber assay.Results IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES and their corresponding receptors were consistently expressed in MoDCs. DC-CK-1 expression was detectable efter 48 hours of differentiation. MoDC selectively migrated in response to MCP-1 and RANTES but not to IL-8 though transcripts of IL-8 receptor were present.Conclusion Because the capacity of dendritic cells to initiate immune responses depends on their specialized migratory and tissue homing properties, the expression of chemokines and their receptors along with the migratory responsiveness to chemokines of MoDC in our study suggests a potential role of chemokines in the interaction between dendritic cells and T cells and the induction of immune responses.

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    Objective To elucidate the association of plasma factor Ⅷ oagulant activity(FⅦc)with me risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and to assess the influence of factor Ⅶ gene Mspl polymorphism and lipid metabolism on FⅦc in the Chinese.Methods A total of 137 patients with angiographically confirmed MI and 125 healthy individuals were evaluated retrospectively. Plasma FⅦC was measured by one-stage prothrombin time,and FⅦ genotype was determined after Mspl digestion of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA.Serum lipidlevels were assessed by routine methods.Results MI patients had significantly higher levels of FⅦc (119.5%±22.7% vs 99.9%±21.8%,P<0.01) and total serum cholesterol (5.80±1.06mmol/L vs 5.53±1.08 mmol/L, P<0.05) than controls, but only FⅦc independently correlated with the risk of MI (OR=1.04, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in FⅦ genotype or allele frequency between patients and controls (P>0.05).Subjects with the Gln353 allele were associated with significantly lower FⅦc levels than Arg353homozygotes (99.7%±19.3% vs 111.4%±24.6%,P<0.05). Serum triglyceride was positively correlated with plasma FⅦc in both control(r=0.25, P<0.01)and case (r=0.87, P<0.01) groups, but this correlation was restricted to Arg/Arg genotypa (r=0.68, P<0.01).A significant correlation of total serum cholesterol with FⅦc only appeared in Arg/Arg homozygotes (r=0.17, P<0.01).Conclusions Our findings support the role of plasma FⅦc as a risk factor for MI in Chinese. Plasma triglyceride and FⅦ gene Mspl pclymorphism are two independent determinants of FⅦc. Assay of this polymorphism will be helpful in determining who will benefit most from lipid-lowing therapy.

  • 作者:

    Objective To evakuate apoptosis in lupus nephritis and the relationship between the existence of apoptotic cells in renal tissue and histopathological or clinical changes.Methods Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsies from 25 patients with type Ⅳ lupus nephritis (LN),12 patientswith lgA nephropathy lgAN, 4 patients with idiopathic easangnioproliferative lomerulonephritis(MsPGN) and 3 patients with acute poststreptococcal gornerulonephritis (APGN).Normal renal tissue obtained at nephrectomy for hypernephroma in 4 adults wes used as control. Proliferating cells were identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in these patiants.Results Compared to other proliferative glomerulonephritis and controls, the patients with lupus nephritis had lase apoptotic cells, a higher ratio of PCNA+cells/TdT+cells (P/T) in renal tissues; and their P/T ratio in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium correlated with the chronicity index, r=0.4983 (P=0.0132), r -0.8399 (P<0.001), r=0.6614 (,P=0.0033),respactively. P/T retios in the glomerulus and tubule had a positive correlation with 24-hour urinary protein,r=0.8554(P<0.001) and r=0.7134 (P=0.001); and a negative correlation with crsetinine clearance (Ccr), r=-0.4880(P=0.0133) and r=-0.7229(P=0.001),which in tubules positively correlated with serum creatinine (Scr), r=0.4107 (P=0.0414).Conclusions Apoptosis is reduced in proliferative lupus nephritis. Intense proliferation without a commensurate increase in apoptosis is a possible mechanism that leads to chronic progressive renalhistopathological changes.

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    Objective To determine lactose metabolism and lactase activity in Chinese children of different ages,prevalence of lactase deficiency (LD), and lactose intolerance (LI).Methods All 1168 healthy subjects between 3 and 13 years were recruited from schools in four large cities in China. They were screened by a 25 g lactose tolerance test.Some subjecls were challenged with .50 g milk powder on different days. Both indicators,the expiratory H2 concentration and intolerance symptoms,were analyzed.Results LD occurred in 38.5% of children in the 3-5 year age group, and 87% of the 7-8 year and 11-13 year old groups. The age of occurrence for LD may be at 7-8 years among Chinese children. The prevalence of LI among Chinese children was 12.2% alage 3-5 years, 33.1% at age 7-8 years, and 30.5% al age 11-13 years, respectively.Conclusion The results demonstrate that LD is very common in Chinese children from these four cities. LD and LI have a dose dependent response: lactose absorption and symptorms are based on lactase activity. The relationship between breast feeding history (or the history of cow milk intake) and lactase activity among Chinese children has not been established.

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    Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of invasive bum wound infection with sepsis in patients with major burns and to summarize the successful expenences in the treatment of such patients.Methods Eight patients with major bums,complicated by invesive bum wound infection and sepsis were consecutively admitted to our hospital from September 1997 to October 1998. Among them, 6 patients developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and 2 developed septic shock. The plasma concentrations of IL-6,IL-8,TNFα and lypopolysaccharibe (LPS) were assayed before and after surgical intervention, as well as when the patient' s vital signs became stable.Results The patients' conditions usually deterieorated abruptly when extensive invasive bum wound infection emerged. While multi-microbial infection was usually found, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant bactena isolated from the subeschar tissue. The plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and LPS before surgical intervention wore significantly higher than those after surgical intervention (P<0.05).The lowest levels of the inflammatory mediators were abserved when the patients'conditions became stable,and the values were significantly lower than those before surgical intervention ( P<0.001).Conclusion Since the main cause of burn wound sepsis is the presence of a large area of infected bum wound, they should be excised and covered as early as possible. LPS and pro-inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of burn sepsis.Athough favorable results should be attributed to compmhessive treatment, we believe that early,aggressive and thorough surgical excision of infected burn wounds, followed by sound and complete coverage of the area, play a crucial role.

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    Objective Cervical hollow threaded fixator (CHTY)was designed and applied to stabilize tha cervical spine following anterior decompression due to cervical spondylosis or acute cervical disc herniation.Methods Medical use titanium alloy with no magnetism was made into a hollow threaded structure with holes on the wall of the fixator. Forly-two patients with cervical spondylosis and acute cervical disc herniation were stabilized using the CHTF technique after anterior decompression. X-ray films and CT scans were taken after the oberation to observe the stability ann fusion rate of the segments.Results Patients were allowed to walk one day after the operation and were followed up for 6 to 36 months.The operated segments were stable and solid fusion was observed 3-6 months after surgery.Conclusions Immediate stability of the operated segments can be obtained using the CHTF technique.Patients ware easy to manage after5 the operation and returned to their jobs in a short time.The CHTF technique is safe and simpa to perfoirme and eliminates the complications of an autograft.It may be an alternative to traditional cervical interbody fusion with bone graft.

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    Objective To study whether liver cirrhosis associated with Helicopacter pylori (H. pylori)infection will induce increased serum ammonia and whether the peripheral serum ammonia reflects the level of portal vein serum ammonia.Methods Blood was taken from the portal vein and the cubital vein in cirrhotic patients with and without H.pylori infection and non-cirrhotic patients (splenic rupiure) with and without H. pylori infection, and the serum ammonia was measured.Results The mean levels of serum ammonia in the group of cirrhotic patients with H. pylori infection were 167.82±8.97 μmol/L (pertal vein) and 142.2±13.35 μmol/L (cubital vein). They were increased significantly as compared with cirrhotic patients without H.pyiori infection(47.68±12.03 μmol/L portal vein and 37.23±7.04 μmol/L cubital vein),and also compared with the groups of splenic rupture patients with and without H. pylori infection (P<0.0t).There was no significant difference between the serum ammonia level of the cubital vein and pertal vein(P>0.05).Conclusions H.pylori intection can induce an increase in serum ammonia in patients with liver dysfunction,and the peripheral serum ammonia measurement may replace the portal vein serum ammania as a monitoring method. Eradication of H.pylori in cirrhotic patients may prevent hepatic encephalopathy(HE).

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    Objective To study gastric rupture, a progressive,rapid and high mortality condition, caused by acute gastric distention (GRAGD) and its appropriate diagnosis and treatment.Methods The etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and expeniences in 3 children with GRAGD were reviewed.Results Case 1: After diagnosising GRAGD and stabilizing her shock with massive fluid replacement,gastrostomy was performed. Her postoparative course was uneventful because of fasting, suction, fluid infusion, correction of acidosis and supporting natrition. Case 2: After diagnosising gastric distention which subsided With conservative therapy for 9 days,she suddanly had gastric rupture when she had not eaten for 6 days. She died of shock and had no chence for surgery. Case 3: The patient had sudden abdominal pain, distention end vomitting with severe shlock for 4 days. Emergency surgery found gastric rupture and the method was the same as Case 1. The patient survived but has brain impairment. Case 1 and 3 showed multifiocal transmural necrosis.Conclusions Syrnptoms like overeating, bulimia,changes in kind of food, X-ray showing large distended stomach and massive pneumoperitoneum were seen after pastric rupture and can help to diagnose this condition. Clinical course of gastric dislention with toxic shock progresses rapidly, hewever subsequent gastric rupture exacerbates the shock and makes the treatment difficult treatment.It is extremely important that a laparotomy he performed at once after stabilizing shock with massive fluid replacement. Postoperative nutritional support and fluid replacement will increase survival. It is very important that when gastric distenition disappears after conservative therapy,the doctor should assess carefully whether the gastric wall recovery is under way by using effective methods of examination.

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    Objective To understand the clinical significance of sequence variations in the hypervariable region (HVR)of hepatitis C virus during infection.Methods Eight patients with acute hepatitis C and 20 patients with chronic hepatitis C were followed up for two years. Blood samples were taken at intervals of six months for analysis of HCV-HVR sequences by reverse transcription-pelymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing methods.Results HCV-HVR sequences of the 28 patients changed in various degrees. 92% of these nuclentide substitutions led to changes of corresponding aminoacid sequence. Only 8% of changed nucleotide were synonymous substitutions. Of 27 amino acids variation of amino acid ranged from 1 to 20 (mean 8, 30%).The most common nucleotide substitution (62%)occurred in the first position of codon, 31% in the second and the rest in the third. HVR variation rate wes 0.89×10-1 per genome site per year in acute hepatitis C, compared with 2.31×10-1 per genome site per year in chronic hepatitis C (P<0.05), but had no relafian to HCV subtype. Variation of HVR in the flare up type (ALT>150 μ/L) was much more than that in the quiescent type (ALT<100 μ/L).Conclusion Our results suggested that sequence variation of HVR during HCV chronic infection seems to be an adaptive response to HCV to evade the host immune pressure and might play a major role in the establishment of persistent infection as well as in the flare-up of hepatitis.

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    Methods In the present study, 69 male patients with essential hypertension at different stages were compared with a group of age-matched normotensivecontrols. β-adrenoreceptor maximum bound volume (Bmax) in pedpheml lymphocytes was measured by 3H-dihydroalprenolol(3 H-DHA) radio ligand binding.β-adrenoreoeptor responsiveness was determined by Salbutamol(injection).Results In patients with essential hypertension at stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, Bmax was significantly higher (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) and the chronotropic doses of Salbutamol reqaired to increase the heart rate by 30 beats/min (CD30) were significantly lower(P<0.01 and P<0.001,respectively) than in age-matched normotensive control subjects.In patients with essential hypertension at stage Ⅲ, Bmax was significantly lower and CD30 was significantly higher (both P<0.01) than those in the age-matched normotensive control subjects.Bmax was significantly higher and CD30 was significantly lower (both P<0.001) in patients with essential hypertension and with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than that in patients with essential hypertension but without LVH. In patients with essential hypertension and heart failure, Bmax was significantly lower and CD30 was significantly higher (both P<0.001) than those in patients with essential hypertension without heart failure.Conclusions The changes of β-adrenoreceptor density and function were related to hypertension,hypertension complicated with ventricular hypertrophy,and heart failure. They may be viewed as indexes of the condition in the patients with essential hypertension.

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    Oblectlv To detect the Iocation of inducible nitlic oxide synthetase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in lung during endotoxemia in rabbits.Methods blotting was perfomed before, 1 hour and 5 houm after the intravenous administration of lipolysaccharide (LPS) in rabbits. Immunohistonbernical analysls (IA), in situ hybridization and in situ ireverse transcfipfiorl-polymerase chain reaction (in sltoJ RT-PCR) were also pedormed in lung sections.Results iNOS mRNA expression was found using Nodhem blotting in lung 5 hours after LPS injection,while It was not found in contrei. Tbe positive stain was found only in macrophages in lung 5 hours after LPS inljecfion by standard hybddization and IA; while by in situ RT- PCR, tbe amplifation products were found in macrophaoes, aJlway epitheiial oells, vascular endotbeliei cells, smooth muscle cells and leukocytes,in addition to macrophages distributed abundantly thriygout the lung. The signal was absent in control or samples.Cencluslons Using an in situ RT-PCR technique,iNOS expressson was riot only observed in macriogaqss also in many other kinds of cells in ybg during endotoxemla in rabbits. This suggests that n situ RT-PCR ls much more sensirtive than in situ hybridization, and can be usad to examine gones with Iow expreseion.

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    Objectives TO investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) on the activity of protein kinese C (PKC) in human peripheral bloodmononuclear Cells (PBMC) and to observe whether aminoguanidine (AG) can influence the effect of AGEs.Methods After PBMC were isoiated from human peripheral blood and incubated with different concentrations of AGEs-BSA for various periods, total PKC activity in PBMC was determined by measuring the incorporation of 32P from [γ-32P] ATP=into a special substrate using Prornega PKC assay kit.Results AGEs-BSA increased the total PKC activity in PBMC from 83.43±6.57 pmol/min/mg protein to 116.8±13.82 pmol/min/mg protein with a peak at 15 min.AGEs-BSA also increased the total PKC activity in a concentration-dependent manner from 83.1±6.4 pmol/min/mg protein(control) to 119.1±13.3 pmol/min/mg protein (control vs AGEs-BSA 400 mg/L, P<0.01). Furthermore, AGEs-BSA induced an elevation of PKC activity in a glycosylating time-related manner,from 80.9±8.2 (control) to 118.3±11.5 pmol/min/mg protein (glycasytation for 12 wk, P<0.01). The total PKC activity stimulated by AGEs-BSA pretreated with AG (100, 200 mg/L) was markedly lower than that of AGEs-BSA group not pretreated with AG ( P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusions AGEs-BSA increased the total PKC activity in PBMC in a concentration and incubation time dependent manner. The ability of AGEs-B.SA to stimulate PKC activity was markedly decreased by pretreatment of AGEs-BSA with AG.

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    ObjecUve To iovestigate the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the malignant transformation of bile duct celle. Tissues from 6Chinese patients and 6 American patients wtiJl cholengienarcinoma were studied.Mammals RNA was extracted from the selected tumor areas eq formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections,followed by reverse transcription double polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blotting.Results Positive and negative strand HCV RNAsequences were detected in seven out of tweive patients witn choiangiocarcinorna. A high positive rate was found in Chinese patients (83%) as compared to US patients (38%).Coaclualon Our finding suggests HCV may play a role in the malignent transformation of bile duct cells.

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    Objective To further investigate the expression of MAGE-1 gene in hepatocellular carcincma (HCC).Methods The tumors and adjacent liver tissue from 45 HCC patients and liver tissue from 28 non-HCC patients (16 with liver cirrhosis and 12 with normal liver) were characterized by RT-PCR. A 421 bp PCR product from a cDNA fragment spanning exons 1,2 and 3 was sequenced. The HLA type wes assayed by standard ELISA in 43 HCC patients.Results Thirty-two of 45 tumor tissues from HCC patients expressed MAGE-1 mRNA (71.1%).In contrast, MAGE-1 mRNA was not detected in adjacent tissues. Three were found to have point mutations at 3 idntical sites resulting in the substitution of two amino acid residues.The most frequent HLA types in 43 HCC patients were: HLA-A2, 53.5%; A11, 25.6%; A24,20.9%; A33, 20.9%; HLA-B13, 28.3% and B35,23.2%. Expression of HLA-A33 (20.9%) was higher in HCC patients than that predicted in the normal Chinese population (8.8%). There was no discemable correlation between MAGE-1 expression and α-FP level, tumor size and hepatitis B or C virus infection.The identification of peptides which are restricted by haploptypes other than A1 should increase the opportunity for paptide based immunotherapy.Conclusions This study shows that MAGE-1 mRNA is highly expressed in HCC tumor tissue in Chinese patients. Previously unreported point mutations in the MAGE-1 gene are described and may also provide additional opportunities for immunotherapy.

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    Objective To sludy the relationship between advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) and protein kinase C (PKC), and their effects on ranal alteration in diabetic rats.Methods Insulin or anlinoguanidine was administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, hermoglobin A1c (HbA1c ), glomemlar tissue extracts AGE ( GTEAGE ), PKC, glomerular basement membrane thickness ( GBMT ) and udne protein/creatinine (Pr/Cr) ratio in diabetic rats were measured and analysed.Results LeveLs of blood glucose, HbA1C and AGE,PKC activity, the Pr/Or ratio and GBMT were all significantly increased ( p values all less than 0.01 ) in diabetic rats. Insulin could decrease the formation of kbAlc and AGE, and improve PKC activity.Aminoguanidine had no influecce on PKC activity (P>O.05) although it decreased the formation of AGE. Botah drugs could de4ay the increase of urine Pr/Cr ratio and GBMT ( P<0.05 or P< 0.01).Conclusions Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to an increase of PKC activity. HbAlc and AGE may not directly coritribute to alterations of PKC activity, but the increase of PKC activity could promote the action of AGE on GEM thickening. It is important to inhibit the formanion of AGE and reduce the PKC activity so as to pceveat or delay the development of diabetic nephropathy.

  • 作者:

    Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris,and usually diagnosed at autopsy.The etiology of spontaneous corvnary artery dissection remains unclear.The prognosis of patients with coronary dissection is not clear and the recommeded treatment for this condition has not yet been defined.We report two cases of spontaneous coronary dissection treated by coronary stenting.

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