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Current topics in behavioral neurosciences 小胶质细胞生物学的基本概念与神经炎症与精神病学的关系。

影响因子： DOI：10.1007/7854_2018_83

作者： Mattei D,Notter T 发表时间：2020-07-10 16:00:35

keywords： Mattei DNotter T

关键词：细胞因子小胶质细胞小胶质细胞Sensome 神经炎症精神病学精神分裂症

Abstract

:The hypothesis that the neuroimmune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of different psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disease, has attained increasing interest over the past years. Previously thought to have the sole purpose of protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful stimuli, it is now known that the central immune system is critically involved in regulating physiological processes including neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and circuit maintenance. Hence, alterations in microglia - the main immune cell of the CNS - and/or inflammatory factors do not unequivocally connote ongoing neuroinflammation or neuroinflammatory processes per se but rather might signify changes in brain homoeostasis. Despite this, psychiatric research tends to equate functional changes in microglia or alterations in other immune mediators with neuroinflammation. It is the main impetus of this chapter to overcome some of the current misconceptions and possible oversimplifications with respect to neuroinflammation and microglia activity in psychiatry. In order to do so, we will first provide an overview of the basic concepts of neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory processes. We will then focus on microglia with respect to their ontogeny and immunological and non-immunological functions presenting novel insights on how microglia communicate with other cell types of the central nervous system to ensure proper brain functioning. And lastly, we will delineate the non-immunological functions of inflammatory cytokines in order to address the possible misconception of equating alterations in central cytokine levels with ongoing central inflammation. We hereby hope to help unravel the functional relevance of neuroimmune dysfunctions in psychiatric illnesses and provide future research directions in the field of psychoneuroimmunology.

摘要

: 神经免疫系统在不同精神疾病 (包括精神分裂症、抑郁症和双相情感障碍) 的发病机制中起作用的假设在过去几年中越来越受到关注。以前被认为具有保护中枢神经系统 (CNS) 免受有害刺激的唯一目的，现在已知中枢免疫系统关键参与调节生理过程，包括神经发育，突触可塑性，和电路维护。因此，小胶质细胞 (CNS的主要免疫细胞) 和/或炎症因子的改变并不能明确地表明持续的神经炎症或神经炎症过程本身，而是可能意味着大脑同型的变化。尽管如此，精神病学研究倾向于将小胶质细胞的功能改变或其他免疫介质的改变与神经炎症等同起来。本章的主要推动力是克服目前精神病学中关于神经炎症和小胶质细胞活性的一些误解和可能的过度简化。为了做到这一点，我们将首先概述神经炎症和神经炎症过程的基本概念。然后，我们将重点关注小胶质细胞的个体发育以及免疫和非免疫功能，就小胶质细胞如何与中枢神经系统的其他细胞类型交流提供新的见解，以确保正常的大脑功能。最后，我们将描述炎症细胞因子的非免疫功能，以解决将中枢细胞因子水平的改变等同于持续的中枢炎症的可能误解。我们希望有助于解开神经免疫功能障碍在精神疾病中的功能相关性，并提供未来精神神经免疫学领域的研究方向。

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