To study the effect of tetrandrine on morphine induced hyperactivity and reinforcement in mice. Methods: After single administration of morphine and the motion activity was measured by ambulometer, conditioned place-preference paradigm was used to study the reinforcing effect of morphine, climbing behavior was used to evaluate the relation with Dopaminergic system and immediate early expression of c-fos gene in brain was shown by immunohistochemical method. Results: Single administration of morphine could induce hyperactivity, repeated treatment would produce a conditioned place-preference response, tetrandrine 30 or 60 mg/kg hypodermic injection could inhibit the morphine induced hyperactivity, 60 mg/kg could inhibit the conditioned place-preference response but no influence on climbing behavior in mice was found. Tetrandrine could inhibit the c-fos gene expression in nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental and prefrontal cortex in place-preference model formed by morphine. Conclusion: Tetrandrine could inhibit the hyperactivity and conditioned place-preference response induced by morphine, it might relate to reduce the c-fos gene expression in special area of brain in mice.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) on infectious multiple organs dysfunction syndrome/multiple system and organ failure (MODS/MSOF) for elevating the successful rate of rescuing the patients. Methods: Diagnosis with western medicine and Syndrome Differentiation of TCM in 225 in-patients of acute infectious disease complicated with MODS/MSOF were conducted, and TCM treatment, based on western medical comprehensive treatment, was given to observe the effect and explore the mechanism of the TCM-WM therapy. Results: Up to the end of 1998, 161 cases of the 225 cases were successfully cured and 64 died, the mortality being 28.4%. Among them, 58 out of 140 cases of MSOF died, the mortality was accounted for 41.4%. In 106 cases conformed to the diagnostic criteria of MSOF proposed by Professor Knaus WA, USA, 52 cases were cured successfully and 54 died, the mortality being 50.94%. Conclusion:TCM-WM treatment could elevate the therapeutic effect in treating MODS, the mechanism might be through improving the hemodynamic and hemorrheologic condition of patients to relieve nail-fold microcirculation disorder; influencing the levels of cytokine and inflammatory mediator, so as to alleviate the systemic inflammatory reaction, it might also abate the inhibited condition of gastro-intestinal motility, alleviate the intestinal flora imbalance, prevent intestinal bacteria and endotoxin malposition, and protect cells from peroxidation.

Objective: To explore the strengthening of acupuncture analgesic mechanism on the level of β-endorphin and proopimelanocortin mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in rats following electroacupuncture(EA) combined with melatonin (MEL). Methods: Integrated optical density (IOD) was measured by ABC immuno-histochemical and in situ hybridization technique with computerized image processing. The rat's brain was coronally sectioned after combination of EA and MEL. Results: IOD of β-endorphin-like immunopositive substance in rat's brain was lowered significantly, which was measured after MEL (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally and followed by EA 30 min later for 30 min, and the IOD of cerebral POMC mRNA positive substance increased significantly 10 hrs later. Conclusion:The mechanism of MEL in enhancing EA analgesic effect might be related with the release and synthesis of β-endorphin

Sponsor Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine Date 22-24 Sept 2002(Sunday-Tuesday) Venue Beijing International Convention Center

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Kangyanling (KYL) in treating patients with systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (SIRS/MODS) after abdominal surgery. Methods: Eighty-two patients of SIRS/MODS after abdominal surgery were divided into two groups according to admission time, the KYL treated group (n=35) and the control group (n=47). The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured at the 1st, 3rd and 7th days post-operationally. Results: The levels of CRP, TNFα and IL-6 decreased gradually after surgical operation in both groups, but the reducing velocity was shorter in the KYL group than that in the control group, so the comparison of the levels in the two groups showed significant difference on the 3rd day after operation. Conclusion:KYL could inhibit the release of inflammatory mediator and relieve the inflammatory response so as to treat post-operational SIRS/MODS effectively.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yangxin Fumai Oral Liquid (YFOL,养心复脉口服液), a Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing Heart and restoring pulse, in treating patients with extrasystole. Methods: The effect of YFOL was observed in treating 30 patients with different kinds of extrasystole and compared with that in 30 patients treated by propafenone. The effect of YFOL on experimental arrhythmia was studied in animals as well. Results: Clinical observation showed that the effect of treatment against extrasystole in the two groups was similar, but the YFOL group showed better results in symptom improvement (P<0.01) with no marked side-effect. Experimental study showed that YFOL could reduce the chloroform induced ventricular fibrillation occurrence in mice, delay the initiating time of ventricular extrasystole, tachycardia and fibrillation induced by aconitine, BaCl2 and coronary artery ligation in rats, or shorten the lasting time of arrhythmia, reduce the attacking frequency of ventricular extrasystole. There was significant difference in comparing with the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion:YFOL is a good and convenient Chinese herbal preparation for different kinds of extrasystole with few toxic and side-effect in clinical practice.

Objective: To evaluate the myocardial protecting effect of Shenmai injection (SMI) against ischemia/reperfusion injury in thrombolytic therapy with urokinase (UK) for acute myocardial infarction patients by 99mTc-MIBI myocardial imaging (SPECT). Methods: Five hundred and thirty-seven patients were divided into two groups randomly. The SMI group (n=292) was treated with thrombolytictreatment plus SMI and the control group (n=245) with thrombolytic treatment solely. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was carried out on the 7th day after thrombolysis to determine the ischemic myocardial area (IMA) and ejection fraction (EF) in both groups and compared. Results: The infarction related area (IRA) of reperfusion rate in the two groups was not different significantly (72.26% vs 72.65%, P >0.05). The IMA in patients of the SMI group, no matter with or without reperfused IRA (211 cases and 81 cases) respectively, was significantly lower than that in the control group (178 cases and 67 cases) respectively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively. The EF value in the SMI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:Using SMI in early stage of thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction could significantly reduce IMA and increase EF. SMI showed good protective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in thrombolytic treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, toxicity and prospective application of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with embolized Curcuma Aromatic oil (CAO) in treating primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods: In the treated group, 32 patients with PLC were treated by HAI with 1-3 ml embolized CAO and oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine. In the control group, 32 patients with PLC were treated with transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE). Results: In the treated group, one patient attained complete remission (CR) and 13 partial remission (PR), the total effective rate being 43.75%. The level of alpha fetal protein (AFP) turned to normal range in 7 cases and decreased in other 7. In the control group, 10 obtained PR and the total effective rate being 31.25%, AFP level turned to normal in 5 and decreased in 2. There was no statistical significance between the two groups. The incidences of post-embolism Sydrome, such as fever, abdominal pain and vomiting were similar between the two groups but no myelosuppression occurred in the treated group with significant difference as comparing with that in the control group (P<0.01). The mean survival time, median survival time, 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate in the treated group were 11.5 months, 10 months, 37.5%, 13.3% and 6.9% respectively, while in the control group they were 7.25 months, 6 months, 15.6%, 3.2% and 0% respectively. Better result in mean survival time, median survival time and 1-year survival rate was found in the treated group than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:HAI with embolized CAO showed a similar good effect in treating PLC as that of TACE, but superior to TACE with longer survival time and milder myelosuppression.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of guava leaf (GL) in treating infantile rotaviral enteritis.Methods: Sixty-two patients of rotaviral enteritis were randomly divided into the treated group treated with GL and the control group treated with Gegen Qinlian Decoction. The time for ceasing diarrhea, content of Na+ in blood, content of Na+ and glucose in stool, and the rate of negative conversion of human rotavirus antigen (HRVA) were observed.Results: The 3-day recovery rate in the treated group (87.1%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (58.1%, P<0.05). The time of ceasing diarrhea in the treated group (25.1±9.5 hrs) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (38.7±15.2 hrs, P<0.01). Moreover, content of Na+ and glucose in stool were reduced obviously in the treated group but not in the control group; and negative conversion rate of HRVA in the former group also got better than that in the latter group (87.1% vs 58.1%, P<0.05). Consequently, the effect of GL was superior to that of the control significantly.Conclusion: GL has good curative effect on infantile rotaviral enteritis.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Modified Taohong Siwu Decoction (MTSD) in treating pediatric intractable nephropathy (PIN). Methods: Ninety-five patients with PIN were divided into 2 groups at random. The 60 patients in the treated group were treated with MTSD and the 35 patients in the control group were treated with heparin. The clinical therapeutic effect and levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostacyclin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) before and after treatment were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the treated group was 81.7%, which was similar to that in the control group (80.0%, P>0.05). The levels of TXB2 and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio were higher in both groups of the patients as compared with those of the healthy control (P<0.01). After treatment, the two criteria were significantly improved in the two treated groups, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01), while in comparison between the MTSD treated group and the control group, no significant difference was found (P>0.05). Conclusion: MTSD has good effect in treating PIN, it could improve the metabolic unbalance of thromboxane and prostacyclin.

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Shuanghua aerosol (SHA) in treating infantile upper respiratory tract infection. Methods: In the clinical study, 276 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treated group was treated with SHA and the control group was treated with Shuanghuanglian aerosol (SHLA, 双黄连气雾剂). In the experimental study, the effects of SHA on anti-inflammation and anti-virus were observed. Results: The clinical total effective rate of SHA was 99.03% and its cure rate 65.38%, while those of the SHLA were 94.11% and 44.12% respectively, significant difference was shown between the two groups (P<0.01). Experimental study showed that SHA could inhibit the xylol induced ear swelling and the egg white induced paw swelling in mice obviously, and inhibit the proliferation of influenza virus in rat's lung. Conclusion: SHA has obvious anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effect, and has good curative effect in treating infantile upper respiratory tract infection.

Objective:To find the relationship between insulin-resistance and Syndrome Differentiation type (SDT) in hypertensive patients.Methods: Two hundred and nine patients of early stage hypertention with no complications of heart, brain or kidney were selected and classified into 4 types according to SDT, the Liver-Fire exuberant type (A), the Phlegm-Dampness abundant type (B), the Yin-Deficiency and Yang-Excess type (C) and the Deficiency of both Yin and Yang type (D). Their insulin sensitivity was examined and compared with that of 40 healthy subjects.Results:(1) Compared with the healthy subjects, all hypertensive patients had apparent insulin resistance (P<0.05).If the insulin sensitivity of healthy subjects was defined as 1.00, that of patients of type A, B, C and D were 0.54, 0.58, 0.65 and 0.80 respectively. (2) The insulin sensitivity of patients in the 4 SDT groups were compared and no significant difference was found in comparison between group A, B and C, while significant difference was found when the other three groups were compared with group D (P<0.05), the insulin sensitivity of type D was close to that of the healthy subjects. (3) The fasting blood insulin of type D was obviously lower and the insulin sensitivity of type D was obviously higher than that of the other three types as a whole (P=0.0001). (4) Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that insulin sensitivity was closely correlated with SDT (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Insulin resistance is one of the pathological basis for SDT in hypertension.

Objective: To explore the curative effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicinal (TCM-WM) therapy on incipient diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: One hundred patients with incipient DN were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group (50 cases) was treated with TCM-WM therapy, which was carried out by using Jiangtang Jianshenling (JTJSL) capsule, a Chinese preparation for supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, on the basis of effectively controlling blood glucose with western medicine. The 50 patients in the control group were treated with western medicine alone. The course of treatment was three months. Changes of symptoms, signs and related laboratory parameters were observed before and after treatment.Results: The total effective rate in the treated group was 90% while that in the control group 58%, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The related parameters including 24 hrs urinary albumin excretion, blood sugar, microalbuminuria, blood and urine β2-microglobulin, blood lipids and hemorrheologic parameters were all improved after treatment in the treated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: The curative effect of TCM-WM was better than that of western medicine alone in treating incipient DN.

The objective of the study was to prove the relaxation effect of traditional medicine by objective biological indexes by modern scientific methods. Fifty healthy elderly people, aged from 60 to 75, were selected to have traditional medicinal relaxing practice, that is, to relax their body in 3 directions: two sides, in front and backward, and breath naturally, 30 minutes a day, 8 weeks as a cycle. (1) The changes of electroencephalogram (EEG), rheoencephalogram (REG) were measured before and after the treatment cycle. Breath frequency and SaO2 contents were measured before and after the treatment cycle by Pulse oxymeter. (2) As for the circulatory system, pulse frequency, blood pressure, blood influx of limbs were measured before and after the treatment cycle. (3) Biochemical indexes (including index of cholesterol, triglyceride, blood sugar, cortisone, catecholamine) were measured before and after the treatment cycle.

Objective: To verify the effect of Jinmaitong composita (JMTC) on red blood cell aldose reductase activity (RBC-AR), red blood cell sorbitol (RBC-S) and nerve conductive velocity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) patients. Methods: Sixty-six patients with DN were randomly divided into two groups, 33 patients in the treated group treated with JMTC and 33 patients in the control group treated with Jingui Shenqi capsule (JGSQ). RBC-AR, RBC-S and nerve transmission speed were observed before and after three months treatment.Results: Level of RBC-AR, RBC-S apparently decreased and nerve conductive velocity increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) after JMTC treatment.Conclusion: JMTC can improve the nerve conductive velocity significantly with a lowering of RBC-AR and RBC-S and has a good result in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective:To find out the effective treatment for infantile autumn diarrhea(IAD).Methods:Retention enema with Qilian Liquid(QLL) was applied to 106 patients of IAD with positive antigen of rotavirus in stool,and the result in the treated group was compared with that in the control group(82 patients) in aspects of clinical effect, negative conversion rate of rotavirus in stool and change of serum immunoglobulin. Animal experimental study was also conducted.Results:The disappearance time of principal symptoms, negative conversion rate of rotavirus in stool and serum levels of IgA and IgG in the treated group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.01, P< 0.05). Experimental study showed that QLL not only has the anti-viral effects to stop diarrhea, but also has effects in enhancing immune function and protecting intestinal mucous membrane. Conclusion:Retention enema with QLL is an effective therapy for the treatment of IAD.

Source "Recipes for Saving Lives" in 10 volumes, written by Yan Yong-he (严用和）in 1253 A.D., Song Dynasty, but modified by Xue Li-zhai (薛立斋）in Ming Dynasty in adding Angelica and Polygala to the recipe, carried in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1995 edition).*Chief Ingredients Ginseng root, Chinese Angelica root, Milkvetch root, Longan aril fruit, Costus root, Polygala root, Wild spiny jujuba seed, Licorice, Poria with hostwood, Bighead Atractylodes rhizome, Chinese Date fruit, Ginger rhizome.*Explanation Milkvetch and Ginseng are the principal drugs of this recipe with the effect of tonifying the Qi and invigorating the Spleen; Atractylodes and Licorice are sweet in taste and warm in nature, assist the principal drugs in enriching the source of Qi-blood production, Angelica nourishes the Liver and helps in generation of Heart-blood; while the function of Poria, Jujube and Longan being sweet in flavour, could nourish the Heart and tranquilize the mind, Polygala restores the coordination between Heart and Kidney, so as to relieve mental stress, Costus regulates the Qi-flow and invigorates the Spleen, also prevents the Qi-blood tonics from interfering the digestive function.*Pharmacological Effect The effect of this recipe could promote digestion and absorption, strengthening the metabolism, nourishing the body to enhance the constitution, regulating the cerebral excitement, increasing the peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract, arresting the diarrhea.*Function Invigorating the Spleen, nourishing the Heart, replenishing the Qi and enriching the blood.

Source The recipe originates in the" Explanations on Yellow Emperor's Plain Questions" (vol.3) written by Liu Wan-su（刘完素）of Jin Dynasty in 1120-1200 A.D. , carried in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1995 edition).*Chief Ingredients Ledebouriella root, Schizonepeta spike, Peppermint, Ephedra, Rhubarb, Mirabilite, Capejasmine fruit, Platycodon root, Gypsum, Chuanxiong rhizome, Chinese Angelica root, White Peony root, Scutellaria root, Forsythia fruit, Licorice root, Bighead Atractylodes rhizome.*Explanation Ledebouriella, Ephedra, Schizonepeta and Peppermint that relieve exogenic wind evil by means of diaphoresis are the principal drugs, Rhubarb and Mirabilite that purgate the internal Heat are the adjuvant drugs, Gypsum is cold in nature, Scutellaria, Capejasmine, Talcum, Platycodon and Forsythia clear away the Heat in Lung and Stomach, assist the function of Rhubarb and Mirabilite; Angelica, Chuanxiong, Peony nourish the blood and relieve the wind induced itching, and Atractylodes and Licorice invigorating the Spleen and removing the Dampness, and to harmonize various ingredients.*Pharmacological Effect This recipe could effectively treat acute conjunctivitis and intractable headache.*Function Dispelling Wind-evil to relieve Exterior Syndrome, removing internal obstruction, and clearing away Heat and toxic substances.*Indication Wind-cold evil in the exterior, Dampness-Heat in the interior, marked by both excess Syndrome of Interior and Exterior, manifested as chilliness, high fever, headache, dry throat, constipation, dark urine, or the initial symptoms of boils, eczema and itching, thick and greasy tongue coating, rapid pulse.

Febrifugation (清热) (清热) ［qing re］ or Heat-Clearing Method (清法) ［qing fa］ One of the principal therapeutic methods by administering medicines cool or cold in nature to treat interior heat. Clearing heat and removing toxin (清热解毒)(清热解毒) ［qing re jie du］: a therapeutic method for acute infectious diseases and pyogenic inflammations caused by toxic heat. Clearing Qi heat (清气分热) (清气分热) ［qing qi fen re］: a therapeutic method of treating acute febrile disease at the Qi stage, also abbreviated as "clearing the Qi" (清气) (清气) ［qing qi］. Clearing Ying heat (清营分热) (清营分热) ［qing ying fen re］: a therapeutic method of treating acute febrile disease at the Ying stage, also abbreviated as "clearing the Ying" (清营) (清营) ［qing ying］. Clearing Heart fire (清心火) ［qing xin huo］: a method to treat exuberant Heart fire, also known as "clearing the Heart" (清心) ［qing xin］. Clearing Lung heat (清肺热) (清肺热) ［qing fei re］: a method to treat excessive heat in the Lung, also known as "clearing the Lung" (清肺) ［qing fei］.

The title of my paper questions whether there is room available in the western world for a combination of traditional Chinese medicine (CM) and western orthodox medicine (WM) to become an integrated whole or at least, whether the two medicines can work peacefully hand-in-hand along the clinical and scientific lines? The question is not coming out of the blue, since it does presuppose many arising problems across the road of the process making. The question also implicitly refers to another question: what is the big difference between the Chinese and the western discourses in this context?

In recent ten-odd years the pathogenetic regulation of female idiopathic precocious puberty was studied in our hospital, in terms of the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) and the status of skeletal development as indicators. The therapy with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in predominance was formulated, according to our understanding of the regulation and Syndrome Differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It has been clinically verified that the therapy could successfully modulate the course of pubertal development and optimize skeletal development in children with precocious puberty. The mechanism of effectiveness of the drugs has been further studied focusing on the neuroendocrine regulation and gene expression with modern medical techniques.

Professor YU Jin, M.D., born in Suzhou, Jiansu Pro- vince, in October 1933, was graduated from The First Medical College of Shanghai Medical College in 1955 and then completed her course from Shanghai Second Research Class on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (1958-1961). She had been dedicating herself to the clinical work, education and research work in reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics and gynecology of the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) for more than 40 years. As a professor of obstetrics and gynecology since 1986 and supervisor of Ph.D students of medical research since 1991, she assumed the office as Chief Director of TCM-WM Department in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. As a celebrated doctor, Dr. YU is Chairman of Obstetrics and Gynecology Committee of Chinese Association of TCM-WM and committee member of Shanghai Association of TCM-WM.

Professor LIN Qiu-cheng, born in Xianyou county, Fujian Province in March 1931, was graduated from Fujian Medical College in 1954 and assigned to Union Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical College. From 1958 to 1961, he studied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) systematically and was awarded the third class prize by State Health Ministry for his excellent score. After then, he assumed office as vice president of Fujian Research Institute of TCM. Also he had been the vice president of Fujian People's Hospital and Fujian Second People's Hospital. Now, Prof. LIN is chief physician of Fujian Research Institute of TCM, tutor of postgraduates on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) of Fujian College of TCM, supervisor of Ph.D. students in Beijing University of TCM, evaluation expert of State Drug Administration, member of State Drug Committee of Clinical Research Base, director of Committee on Medical Ethics and director of Research Department on Gerontology of Fujian Research Institute of TCM.

It was reported by most physicians of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in past dynasties that Deficiency of Zangfu(脏腑), Qi and blood, especially the Kidney deficiency, is closely related with aging, and Chinese drugs for fortifying Kidney also play a main role in anti-aging. Many scholars have recently studied the relationship between aging and the Excess Syndrome, such as blood stasis, stagnation of Phlegm Turbidity and stagnation of Qi, particularly the relationship between blood stasis and aging.

Astragalus (AS), a traditional Chinese tonic medicine, refers to the dry root of perenial herbaceous plants Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) and Astragalus mongolicus Bge of leguminosae family, which was first recorded in "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" (神农本草经). The herb is sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature and acts on the Spleen and Lung channels. It was described that AS possesses the effects of "invigorating Qi to elevate Yang，consolidating superficies to stop sweating, inducing diuresis to remove edema and promoting healing of sore to regenerate tissue". Its chemical components have been discovered to be AS-saponins (ASS), AS-general flavone (AGF), AS-polysaccharides (APS), amino acid and microelements. During the past two decades, the effects of AS, the prescriptions containing AS and its active components on cardiovascular system have been widely studied(1,2). Its effects of positive inotropic action，reducing blood pressure, and in protecting myocardia against injuries caused by ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion or virus infection have been well documented. The underlying mechanisms of the effects have also been deeply studied. This paper summarizes the pharmacological studies on the effects of AS on cardiovascular system conducted in recent years.