Objective: To explore the patterns of Syndrome Differentiation (SD) of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in peri-operative stage of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methods: One week after operation, thirty-seven CHD patients, who received CABG of internal mammary artery or great saphena vein under conventional general anesthesia with low or middle temperature extracorporeal circulation were differentiated as various syndromes, with the pre- or post-operational EKG, color Doppler echocardiography were done during and after operation. The hemodynamic parameters were monitored. Results: In the CHD patients, 64.9% were differentiated as Qi-Yin deficiency, 67.6% were complicated with phlegm syndrome and 62.2% with blood stasis, suggesting that Qi-deficiency, phlegm and stasis are the basic pathogenetic factors in patients with CABG. Moreover, the peri-operative syndrome was correlated with the condition of coronary artery lesion, heart and lung functions before operation, and the extracorporeal circulation time during the operation. Conclusion: TCM SD conducting in peri-operative stage might be useful in exploring the patterns of syndrome alteration which provided a basis for preventing peri-operative complications and elevating success rate of operation.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in treating chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods: Ten patients with chronic low back pain were selected to receive 9 acupuncture treatments over a three-week period with point selection based on syndrome differentiation in Chinese medicine. The BROM Instrument for assessment of back range of motion; subjective evaluation with Visual Analog Scale of Pain (VASP) ratings, Oswestry Disability ratings, objective measurements including Algometry, and Flexion and Extension ratings to investigate the range of motion were used for comparing the large, medium and small effect sizes of baseline, treatment and follow-up phases. Results: Clinical significance of pain relief was shown in all parameters assessed. A large effect size was detected in VASP, Oswestry and Algometry. A small effect size was demonstrated in Flexion/Extension. Needling over short period time (3 weeks) could relieve the pain, but the muscular-skeletal function measured by BROM persists. To treat patients exclusively by needling for statistical purposes can not be justified, because by merely relieving pain, permanent improvement in function may not be achieved. Conclusion: Acupuncture offers an effective alternative for the clinical management of chronic low back pain, significant improvement in most of the parameters evaluated, but the functional improvement was not as satisfactory as pain relieving. Further study with larger sample size focuses on long-term efficacy and functional improvement for chronic low back pain is recommended.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Chinese drugs (CD) that invigorate Spleen to remove Dampness and activate the blood circulation to eliminate Turbid for retarding progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods: Thirty-nine patients with CRF were divided into two groups at random: the 18 patients in group A (the control group) were treated with low protein diet and controlling blood pressure and 21 patients in group B (the treatment group) were treated similarly with that of the control group and additional CD. Levels of serous creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood albumin (Alb), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hemoglobin (Hb) were checked every two months and the rate of progression of CRF was estimated by slope of the creatinine reciprocal (1/SCr) with time (months). Results: Levels of SCr and BUN in group B were lower and HDL higher than those in group A significantly, P<0.05. Mean slopes of the creatinine reciprocal with time in the two groups were markedly different, P<0.01. Conclusion: Additional CD treatment based upon the low protein diet and controlling blood pressure could retard the rate of progression of CRF evidently.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Shengxue Mixture (SXM) in treating aplastic anemia and study the possible mechanism. Methods: Eighty-four patients in the treated group with Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency syndrome and Spleen-Kidney Yin deficiency syndrome were treated with SXM-Ⅰ and SXM-Ⅱ respectively, and 30 patients in the control group were treated with Stanozolol. The clinical effect and several experimental parameters were also observed. Results: The basic cure was gained in 18 cases, remission in 23, markedly improved in 32, ineffective 11, total effective rate and cure remission rate of the treated group were 86.90% and 48.81% respectively, which were obviously better than those of the control group (P<0.05) with no obvious side-effect. While the patient's symptoms were alleviated, the peripheral blood cells increased, the ratio of T lymphocyte subsets tended to balance, the level of natural killer cell activity increased, interleukin-2 reduced, and reproduction of the bone marrow were markedly improved in most of the patients treated by SXM. Conclusions: SXM is an effective and safe drug for aplastic anemia. Its mechanism might be likely due to its regulating the immune function, which facilitates the recovery of the bone marrow hematopoiesis function.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the process of corticosterone (CS) reduction in nephrotic syndrome. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome sensitive to prednisone treatment were divided into two groups randomly. The dosage of prednisone used was conventionally reduced in both groups but CHM herbal treatment was added to the treated group in the period of prednisone reduction. The effect of CHM was estimated by observing the recurrence rate of disease and side-effects of prednisone. Results: The recurrence rate of disease and the occurrence rate of side-effects of prednisone in the treated group were less than those in the control group significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: Additional CHM in the process of CS reduction in treating CS sensitive nephrotic syndrome could markedly abate the recurrence rate of disease and the side-effect of CS reduction.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of Xinqingning (XQN), a preparation of rhubarb, combined with low dose continuous gastrointestinal dialysis in treating uremia. Methods: Patients of uremia were divided into three groups at random, 18 patients in group A were treated with 1000 ml gastrointestinal dialysate (non-absorbed mannitol solution) orally 2-3 times a day, 20 patients in group B treated with the same therapy as that in group A, also combined with XQN 5-10 tablets 3 times per day and 19 patients in group C treated with orally taken coated aldehyde oxystarch 5-10 g, 3 times a day. The therapeutic course for the three groups was 11 months. The changes in clinical manifestation, renal function, nutritional condition, and electrolytes before and after treatment were observed. Results: After treatment, significant improvement was revealed in aspects of uremic symptoms, quality of life, nutritional condition, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, serum phosphate, uric acid, CO2 combining power, creatine clearance, body weight and arm muscular circumference in group A and B, as compared with those in group C. In comparison of group A with B, group B showed a lower serum triglyceride and a slower progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). All the criteria were not improved in group C and with serum creatinine being raised significantly. Conclusion: XQN combined with low dose continuous gastrointestinal dialysis therapy was definitely effective in treating uremia. It provides a new therapeutic means of non-replacement therapy for CRF with uremia.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of Chinese and western integrative medicine (TCM-WM) in treating repeatedly recurrent chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) and its therapeutic mechanism. Methods: Ninety-one repeatedly recurrent CPN patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, the control group (45 cases) treated with sufficient amount of sensitive antibiotics and other WM, the treated group (46 cases) treated with above-mentioned WM complemented with TCM syndrome differentiation (SD). Results: In the treated group completely cured was 14 cases (30.4%), markedly effective 14 cases (30.4%), the total effective rate was 91.3%; while that of the control group was 4 (8.9%), 5 (11.1%), and 48.9% respectively, (P<0.05) and (P<0.01); the mean days of urinary bacteria and urinary routine negative conversion were in the treated group 19.6±12.6 days and 24.3±11.5 days, obviously shorter than those of the control group (35.6±14.6 days and 53.6±16.4 days), P<0.01; the various symptoms of the treated group improved or disappeared in a short time, while in the control group a few patients improved in a longer period (P<0.01); the various immune parameters improved in the treated group, while in the control group only IgA was elevated to some extent (P<0.05), in comparing these data, the difference was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The TCM-WM integrative treatment could obviously raise the clinical efficacy, accelerate the symptom improvement, and enhance the immune function.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of Baoyuan Qiangshen Capsule No. Ⅱ (BYQS) and its mechanism in treating chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods: Sixty CRF patients were divided into 2 groups randomly, the treated group used BYQS combined with Lotensin and the control group administered with essential amino acid combined with Lotensin. Changes of renal functions and tubular labelled proteins were observed. Results: The markedly effective rate and total effective rate of the treated group were 63.3% and 93.3% respectively, and those of the control group were 30.0% and 56.7% respectively, the effect of the treated group was obviously better than that of the control group (P<0.01). In the treated group after medication, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and clearance rate of creatinine were improved significantly (P<0.01), while Tamm-Horfau protein increased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: BYQS could alleviate tubular interstitial injury significantly so as to improve the renal function and enhance the effective rate in treating CRF.

Source “Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies”, compiled by Chen Shiwen (陈师文) et al., in Song Dynasty, in 1151 A.D., in 10 volumes, 788 recipes, most of which were pill and powder form, ready for use and storage. Carried in “Heilongjiang Drug Standard”(1980)

Source Originated from the “Bazheng Powder” (八正散) of “Formularies of the Bureau of People's Welfare Pharmacies”, compiled by Chen Shiwen (陈师文) et al. in Song Dynasty, in 1151 A.D., in 10 volumes, 788 recipes, most of which were pill and powder form, ready for use and storage. Carried in “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” 1995 edition and “Sichuan Drug Standard”(1983).

Objective: To observe the effect of emodin on the biological behavior of human fibroblasts (FB) in culture of kidney in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods: FB were isolated from kidney culture of LN patients, and the effect of emodin on 3　H-TdR incorporated rate of FB was observed. The apoptosis and c-myc gene expression were detected in the same way by flow cytometry. Results: Emodin could markedly inhibit the proliferation of human kidney FB, and inducing cell apoptosis through up-regulating c-myc gene expression in human renal FB. Conclusion: Emodin can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of FB, which may be important in ameliorating interstitial fibrosis, and thus improve prognosis of LN.

Arteriosclerosis is a major common vascular disorder of diabetes mellitus (DM), and as the life-span of DM patients prolonged, the incidence increased, arteriosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases have become the principal causes of death of DM. Therefore, improving the disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism, and preventing chronic complication are the key links in the treatment of DM. The authors used Jiangtang capsule (降糖胶囊, JTC) in treating DM type 2. While treating hypoglycemia, promising effect in improving lipid metabolism disturbance is also obtained. It is reported as follows.

In order to explore the role of ginsenosides (GS) in treating neutrophil granulocytopenia (NGP), from January 1996 to December 1999 our hospital used GS in treating 53 patients of idiopathic NGP, which were compared with 52 patients treated by leucogen as control. Here it is reported as follows.

Professor ZHANG Ji-zhi, who was born in Weifang City, Shandong Province, was graduated from Shandong University, School of Medicine in 1952. He took further training in Traditional Chinese Medicine Class (on leave) and graduated in 1976. He had served successively as director for Department of Psychiatry, Vice-Superintendent and Chief Psychiatrist of Beijing Anding Hospital. At present, he is Professor of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, affiliated to Capital Univeristy of Medical Sciences. He also plays the role of a member of standing committee of China Association for Mental Health and Chairman of Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, Vice-President of Beijing Association for Mental Health, and Honorary Director of Committee of Mental Illness, China Association for the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine. In addition, Prof. ZHANG is vice editor-in-chief for Chinese Mental Health Journal, standing editor for Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, and consultative editor for Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases.

PEI De-kai, male, was born in Shanghai, China, on June 8, 1928. His native place was Danyang, Jiangsu Province and he was graduated from Dalian Medical College in 1954. He holds some posts in several departments, such as the pathophysiologic professor, the academic comittee member and the head of basic research section in the Institute of Acute Abdomen in Dalian Medical University. His titles in learned society were the deputy-director of the Acute Abdomen Speciality Committee, Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, and also in its Liaoning Branch; the deputy-director of Digestion Committee in Chinese Association of Pathophysiology, and the director of its branch in Dalian. He also holds some concurrent posts, such as the sanitary specialist of consultative committee and the researcher specially invited by Dalian municipality. As a professor, research fellow, and consultant, he was appointed by China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian Institute of Medical Science, the Hospital of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine in Dalian, and the Gallstone Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine respectively.

Tonifying the Heart and the Spleen (补益心脾) (补益心脾) ［bu yi xin pi］: a therapeutic method by administering tonics to treat insufficiency of both the Heart and the Spleen, e.g., deficiency of Spleen Qi and Heart blood.

While practitioners of western medicine are the main health care providers in Hong Kong, Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the health care system in Hong Kong. Its popularity of use and its strength in contributing to the health of the community provides the drive for its development. The following summarises the role played by Chinese medicine in the health care system and our strategies in developing Chinese medicine in a western medicine dominant health care system.

Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964; amended by the 29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975; 35th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983; 41st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989; 48th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October 1996, and the 52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000.

The conference of “Health Care, East and West, Moving into the 21st Century” sponsored by Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) was convened at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston, USA on June 24-29, 2001. Around 600 participants from different well-known units of patient care, research, education and administration in China, and more than 600 medical specialists from health care societies in USA participated in this conference, including Prof. WU Jie-ping (Honorary President of CMA and Vice-Chairman of Standing Committee of Chinese People's Congress), Prof. ZHANG Wen-kang (President of CMA and Minister of Chinese Ministry of Health), Mr. John Kerry (American Federal Senator from Massachusetts), Prof. Lawrence Summers (President of Harvard University), and Prof. Joseph Martin (Dean of Harvard Medical School). This conference was a historic pageant of academic exchange with the largest scale between health systems in both China and USA. The scale of Chinese delegation was only next to that of Chinese gymnastic delegation in Olympic Games. This delegation consisted of experts from over 40 specialties in Chinese medical societies including 10 academicians from Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, and academic leader of different specialties as well as well-known experts in the world.

INTRODUCTIONGinseng is one of the famous herbs of all used by mankind as it has been valued for its remarkable therapeutic benefits as an energy tonic by the oriental people since the dawn of their civilization and has a rich and extensive history. Now Ginseng is becoming widely known and used in the West, and like any other Chinese drugs, the authentication of Ginseng must be understood in order to use it widely and appropriately.